Chikankari of Lucknow

Chikan is one of the prides of the city of nabobs that is Luknow. Although chikankari is an ancient ground level of innocence floral embroidery it has become synonym of nazakat and nafasat of the tehzeeb of Lucknow . For centuries this fine white constructry on transparent white fabric has delighted the hearts of the queers and commoners alike. The profession has ever been respected that it is one vocation that affluent families have taken up without any perceived loss of societal acceptance. It is a complex and luxe craft that has come down to us, evolving over the years into an aesthetic form of ample beauty .Chikankary has been practiced in Lucknow for more than two one C years but it did not originate here. It flourished in the Mughal courts in the seventeenth centuries. When the Mughal courts disintegrated the artisans scattered across the country. Some of them came and settled in Avadh. They brought their craft with them and paved the way for the artisans of Luknow. Some historians opinion that chikan is a Persian word Chikin or Chikeen large-hearted of embroidered fabric. It is believed that the craft was brought to the Mughal court of Jahangir by his talented consort Nurjahan.thither are however other opinions on the origin of Chikankari. According to one historian , there is evidence of embroidered muslin apparel depicted in the far-famed paintings of Ajanta caves dating back to the fifth century A. D. This could be early trace of the presence of chikan. As per another version chikan can be go out back to king Harsh who is said to have a great fondness for white embroidered muslin garments without any embellish it. Bana a contemporary of king Harsh refers to this skillfully embroidered white muslin.Megasthenes also mentions the use of flowered muslin by Indians. The history of chikankary is richly anecdotal. It is said that one of the wives of a Nawab belonged to Murshidabad in Bengal where chikankary was established and popular at that t ime. She at once embroidered a cap for the Nawab with chikankary. The other begums also picked up this craft to please the Nawab. Thus this became a trend setter among the ladies . Another interesting story says that a once a traveler was passing through a village in Lucknow.He stopped and requested a poor peasant for water. rejoiced at this hospitality of the peasant,the traveler taught him the art of Chikankari. The slight cultural innovation has distinct impact upon chikankary. Thus there is a difference betwixt the chikankari of Bengal and that of Lucknow. It is said that exceptionally good Lucknow chikankari could get in those days a worker enough money to feed his family for a year. The chikan workers of Bengal used muslin or mulmul for embroidery,very much liked in Greece and Rome .These delicate fabrics known as gossamer were so prized that the Romans romantically called it textilli venti or woven winds . Lucknow has also clear name and fame for producing some very fine muslin . Rosy Lle swellyn Jones in her book, A Fatal Friendship has written, During the seventeenth century the East India Company clear-cut to send two employees to live in Lucknow and buy bales of dereabauds a kind of muslin which was made in Hassanganj area of Lucknow on the northern bank of the Gomti. subsequently this muslin became the base material for good chikankary.Addhi,Tanzeeb and Girant were the traditional chikan fabrics. Several Europeans prominent among whom creation Madec and Gentil settled in the court of Nawab Shuja-ud-daulah in the middle of the eighteenth century and it seems possible that French white embroidery had some square off on chikan of Lucknow. Apart from the muslin,another kind of white cotton fabric was produced in lucknow & Faizabad in those days. This fabric was called Jamdani. It bore a unique blend of mending and irregular floral motifs. The only difference being that Jamdani is woven & chikan is minute embroidery.Chikankari was used prima rily to embellish garments. Long flowing angarkhas, ,achkans, kurtas were for men. For ladies chikankari was used to empower lehengas,odhnis,kurtas,veils etc. Chikancraft was not confined to dress alone and it soon became a part of domestic career. The Lucknowasis use chikan to grace their homes in the form of bedsheets, palankeen curtains and drapes. Its also used in table covers,mats,napkins, tea-cozy covers. The chikan industry trustworthy a setback after the dissolution of the royal courts of Avadh. It lost its greatest patron with the deposition of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah.Soon it became a commercial act & reduced to a domestic economic activity practiced more often than not by Muslim women. With the passage of time there has been a soft degeneration in chikan craft of lucknow in the fabric as well as stitches partly because of dearness and partly because of commercialization. Neverthless it is a way of life for its people and is very much woven into their culture which is d istinctly called Lucknowi. Chikankari has a global presence. It is a great tribute to the skill and technique of the craftpersons of Lucknow. Sonakshi srivastava La Martiniere Girls College Lucknow