Empress Theodora Eulogy

Then our beloved Empress rose in policy-making power and married Emperor Justinian. Some people called our Empress lazy and a burden, but she wasnt close to that. She was the empress hat defended and entertained our terra firma, and influenced Emperor Justinian into keep Our nation during the Nick Revolt She was the empress who wouldnt leave her purple and her people no military issue what She is the empress who would be the role model for future empressesNow that our Empress has deceased she entrust still be respected and will be learned almost for generations to come. Also, we cant forget our Empresss accomplishments during her years in power. Firstly, she has given women more than rights than any another(prenominal) civilization. She gave women the power to own land and she allowed owed women to take income from land to pay for children needs. She as well as has influenced our Emperor to stay during the Nick Revolt, and take care of our empire.Lastly, our Empress had laws expanded to protect the Neophytes, and prostitutes so they could start their lives anew. Monopolistic was a form of Christianity that believed that women should have more rights. Our Empress was the most important out of other empresses due to her influence and her salient(ip) accomplishments. In all, our Empress has accomplished more than any other empress achieved and without Empress Theodore the Byzantine Empire would have fallen long ago.

Assess whether ‘God exists’ is a testable hypothesis Essay

Ultimately, divinitys innovation enkindle non be classified as a testable hypothesis. A hypothesis is a proposal, which female genitalia be tested and then either fend fored or rejected. gods non-physical state makes this virtu bothy impossible, as we argon futile to utilise our senses to confirm his presence or absence. Anthony Flew and Ludwig Wittgensteins theories provide a massive amount of leaven, which suggests that there cannot possibly be a apparitional hypothesis. right(a) introduction.Firstly, Anthony Flews parable of the gardener is highly vital in the pursual to prove that immortals founding is not a testable hypothesis. The scenario includes 2 explorers, who discover a humanly made clearing, yet evidence suggests that it occurred naturally. twain explorers puzzle tell pick ups, wizard favours natural causes and the other favours human intervention. Subsequently, no evidence of the gardener is present, however is invisible. Flews contract hinges on f alsification,and if a phantasmal claim cannot be falsified it is essentially meanless, as the claimant hasnt allowed themselves to be proven wrong. The hypothesis of divinity fudges existence is relatively standardised to this fibre, as beau ideal is transcendent and beyond our experiences, which by Flews sensible system makes the spiritual hypothesis meaningless, as it is not testable. Good.William Paleys watch outmaker likeness is instrumental in the argument for the claim that paragons existence is a testable hypothesis. Paleys analogy consists of a watch, which possesses parts, which ultimately fulfils a purpose. Paleys bold claims are plausible, as he likens the watch to the universe. Evidently, a watchs sole purpose is to tell the time. Therefore, there mustiness be a watchmaker. This links together with the human analogy, which implies that human beingnesss must have a creator, who is in this case God.Essentially, Paleys view is that due to the complexness and order of the universe, it is a requirement that a supremely intelligent being must exist. That being is supposed(p)ly God. Critics would say that this is outlying(prenominal) from the truth, and that we have not by trial and error witnessed the presence of God and it is safe to presume that we will never be able. Therefore, we can assume that Gods existence cannot be likened to that of a watch, because the process of making a watch is a testable hypothesis, whether the mental institution of the world is not and never will be. Good use of the analogy.Flew argues that spiritual believers hold onto Gods existence regardless of any evidence brought forward to suggest otherwise. Subsequently, Flews proposal is that the religious hypothesis must be rejected, due to the unfalsifiable nature and the undying support by religious believers, who are unable to allow their religious legal opinions to be deemed meaningless. However, Flews flack is not widely accepted, and Basil Mitchell is one of much, who expressed their criticisms. Mitchell disagrees with Flews view that religious beliefs are unfalsifiable. Mitchell suggests that when religious believers encounter suffering such as evil, they are bound to question their trustingness, which makes it falsifiable. How plausible is this claim?Also, numerous believers do lose their faith, therefore, Flew is misguided in his attempt to show that believers see their religious belief through rose tinted glasses.So,while Mitchell may not be claiming that God is thence a religious hypothesis, he still possesses the belief that religious belief can be falsified via trials of faith. Good.In addition, the tab principle is often apply to support both the claim that God exists and that God does not exist. earth-closet Hick ac intimacyd that the religious proposals cannot be falsified, however can be support therefore making the hypothesis testable.Ultimately,John Hick s lead is that in the afterlife, religious statement s can be verified, and can prove whether Gods existence is a religious hypothesis. Hick proposes that, an observation is better assessed, if it can be verified, with the removal of rational doubt.Hick accepts that religious propositions cannot be falsified, because if God doesnt exist, when we die we will be un able to confirm or deny this. Hick uses the parable of the Celestial city to adorn this. It includes two men, who are travelling to the alike(p) destination, yet have contrasting expectations of what they will find. This parable nips towards Eschatological verification, which relates to Hicks argument that many claims are reliant on the presence of the afterlife.Nevertheless, critics suggest that we will never be able to truly verify our experiences. This essentially applies to the existence of God and heaven if God is a figure beyond our thoughts, it is hard to envisage how we will be able to identify that we are experiencing God and heaven, preferably than merely a il lusion.Moreover, Logical Positivists possess the belief that all knowledge is derived from our senses. Therefore, if knowledge is not empirically gained, it is meaningful. Gods alleged characteristics hint toward him being non-physical, making it impossible to empirically witness his existence. This led to logical positivists claim, that Gods existence is not testable and the claim is meaningless, as it is empirically not verifiable and cannot be tested.Equally, the flaws within the verification argument are highlighted regularly. History and Science exploit the weaknesses for all to see. An example from science is the existence of atoms, which cannot be verified, but almost certainly exists.Therefore,this example highlights the out-dated nature of the verification principle, as issues are more complex than the verification principles allow. Also, the example of Julius Caesar is one which resembles that of God. There are no longer witnesses for the existence of the roman leader and documentary evidence is limited. This leads you to believe that, if Caesars existence cannot be verified but still be true, then maybe the resembling can be said for the existence of God. Strong analysis.Furthermore, Ludwig Wittgenstein, who was one of the most decorate philosophers of his generation, rejected the possibility of a religious hypothesis, basing it on the fact that the meaning of words hinge on the context that they are used in, and whether we are a part of the specific group. Wittgenstein claims that there cannot be a religious hypothesis, because the context will vary depending on whether its religion or science. Wittgenstein rejected the single theory of meaning, and all words can be used in a variety of context. Wittgensteins claim is that all statements are meaningful as long as they are mute by other lyric poem users. Regarding religious statements, we must be a part of the game and share the beliefs in order to understand the religious statements.Therefore, religious statements cannot be a hypothesis as they are overly subjective ,unlike, scientific claims. This accounts for why Atheists do not possess the same faith and beliefs, because they do not interpret language in the same way as the religious believers, when it comes to the existence of God. However, Wittgensteins theory is off the beaten track(predicate) from flawless, and this is evident. A meaningful statement no longer has to be machine-accessible to the real world, as it is associated with a language game, which renders the truth of it to be irrelevant. For example, a group of priests could talk meaningfully about non-existent objects, and this wouldnt affect the meaningfulness of the language game. This sparks anti-realism, which is detrimental ,as to an extent religious claims often involve claims about what exists in reality. The religious language game is applicable to society, and not such members of the religious language game.In addition, Evidentialism is a theo ry, that suggests it is irrational to believe in something without adequate reason. Faith allows someone to simply state their belief, without explanation or defence. Kierkegaards infamous quote, when I pray, I hear silence, therefore God exists Kierkegaard suggests that faith can provide solace in a meaningless world. The supposed silence that Kierkegaard hears would indicate to an atheist that God didnt exist. But, for Kierkegaard, faith is more important than reason, and belief in God is required, which makes is Gods existence a religious hypothesis a meaningless discussion. How plausible is this claim?Despite this, faith is not without its faults. Believers often require a purpose in life, which hey gain from a supernatural being.Ultimately,our faith in God may well stem from our own insecurities and the desire to savor that there is an afterlife waiting for us if we abide by Gods rules.To conclude, ultimately, the existence of Gods is not and will never be a testable hypothesi s, for an array of reasons. The main issues arise from the fact that God can not be empirically proven, due to his non-physical state, making it far from testable, which makes it hard to provide support for the case of it being a hypothesis. The case brought forward by Anthony Flew and Ludwig Wittgenstein is compelling to say the least, as they highlight several(prenominal) issues, which back up claims that Gods existence is not a testable hypothesis.The inability to falsify religious claims essentially makes them meaningless, as there is no possibility of the clamant being proved wrong, therefore since Gods presence cannot be empirically know, we cannot test his existence. Wittgenstein highlights the subjective nature of nature, which prevents you delimit a term, and he claims that hypothesis are scientists rather than believers. Therefore, we cannot label the Gods existence as a hypothesis, as were unable to gain access to it empirically or otherwise. Meaningful conclusion.

Determinants of Morality Essay

The determinants are essential features of moral philosophy that point to the rightness or wrongness of an lay oution. It enables us to perceive the specificity of morality. just human person take on for a reason, a purpose, and for an intention or goal because it is only the human persons who are created with the intelligence and the freedom to take aim from good and evil. The leash determinants of morality are the Object of the Act (Finis Operis), hold back of the Agent (Finis Operantis), and Circumstances B1.What are Circumstances Circumstances are the situational f trans fermentionors skirt the concurrent of the act. These circumstances may either increase or light our duty in doing the act. There are s pull down types of circumstances affecting the act that human people do. These are what, who, where, by what means, why, how, and when. What refers to the nature of the act (Quid). Who refers to the person/doer/agent and the recipient of the act (Quis).Where refers to th e locus of the act or the place where the action took place (Ubi). By What Means refers to the instruments utilize in the performance of the act (Quidis Auxiliis). Why refers to the reason in doing the act (Cur). How refers to the manner or the process of performing the act (Quomodo). And lastly, When refers to the time divisor in the commission of the act (Quando). There are in any case three kinds of circumstances. First is aggravating, which intensifies the gravity of the act.Second is mitigating, this lessens the culpability of the act. Third is exempting, it has culpability exclusively is no applicable for the given time. Lastly justifying, which means no more(prenominal) culpability is involved. B2. Principles to Remember The principles to remember in circumstances are it is controlling because it can make better an act good or even indifferent in its object and it is negative because it can make worsened an act evil or indifferent in its object. It can also make less go od or less evil an act good in itself.The act may be mor tout ensembley good, all three determinants must be without a flaw. B3. Examples Examples of circumstances is when unmatched is poor. It is an manakin of circumstance because it is a situational factor which could increase ones responsibility to work harder and earn so that he/she could have a living. another(prenominal) example of circumstance is when one is sick. It is also an example of circumstances because when one is sick, the person will be more responsible in victorious care of him/herself.

International Organizations and World Order Essay

After First World War, in that respect was c each for formation of multinational organization to bring order in the world. The notion led to the formation of the League of realms due to the conviction of the thencece president of the join States of America, President Woodrow Wilson who was certain that the move would prevent succeeding(a) strife if only nations would come together to def c every(prenominal) for the principles of self-determination and independence. The draw close of the League of Nations was th warted when the United States refused to join it.It was also thwarted by the extremist semipolitical ideologies and power rivalry that existed at that time in history, which was 1930s. Due to the outbreak of Second World War that ended in 1945, there was more than concern that led to the formation of another external organization in the name of United Nations. The Bretton woods conference, which is the reason for the proveation supranational Monetary Fund, and th e World Bank as whole most as the Dumbarton Oaks Conference came to existence in 1944. The foundation do the United Nation was laid by the allies of the organization (Owen, 1996).According to Owen (1996, p. 9) most of the planetary organizations were ordinate with an intention of reconstructing atomic number 63, which was seriously deva acresd after the war against Nazi Ger umpteen. about of the foreignistic organizations that were formed after World War II became more betive in the 1960 where their activities were expanded to meet the rude(a) challenges because of European colonization, which complicate independent only when politically immature and poor nations in Latin America, African and Asia.Most of the global organizations were started in the 19the century. Owen (1996, p. 10) states that More recently, with the uncertainties and instabilities which consecrate followed the closure of the Cold War, outside(a) organizations ask stepped in to cope with the effect s of the resulting conflicts and tensions, many of them within states rather than between states n the process, many UN bodies have been found wanting.The spot f the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator (UNDRO), for example was founded in 1971. Some of the multinational organizations include regional Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), which was formed in 1989 with an objective of establishing common military, cultural and economic policies to ensure free driveway of goods, services and good deal between member states. The Member nations of Arab Maghreb Union include Morocco, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia and Mauritania (Schafer, Verbist, & Imhoos, 2005).Another International Organization is Asia Pacific Economic co-operation Forum (APEC) was formed in 1989 to promote linearization of economy in the Pacific region. Association of federation eastern United States Asian nations (ASEAN) was formed in 1967 to replace ASA (Association of South East Asia). The member nations of ASEA include Australia, United States of America, Japan and in the altogether Zealand. The of import objective of the organization is to promote common economic, political and trading policies. there is also another international organization in the name of Caribbean federation (CARICOM), which was formed in 1965 to ensure economic cooperation in Caribbean common market, to rig in place common policies in education, health, culture, industrial relation and conversation and to coordinate foreign insurance policy among the member nations. The affiliations of the CARICOM according to Owen include Caribbean information Bank Caribbean Examinations Council Caribbean Meteorological Organization Council of Legal Education University of Guyana University of the wolfram Indies West Indies Shipping Corporation.The Common wealth is another important international organization that is in forefront trying to address contemporary orbicular issues. Commonwealth was formed in 1884 and it grew out of the British Empire. The objectives of the Commonwealth argon to enable nations from different parts of the world to exchange opinions in an informal, intimate and intimate atmosphere. Commonwealth has member nations, which according to Owen (1996, p. 11) include Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Cyprus, and Dominica.Others atomic number 18 Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Ma up right fieldnessi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, the United Kingdom, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. There are several other International organizations much(prenominal) as Commonwealth of individual States, Council of Europe, European f ree trade association (EFTA), European union (EU), disjuncture co-operation council (GCC), Mercosur (Mercado Commun del Sur-southern common market), African union (AU), Organization of American States (OAS), Organization of the Muslim Conference (OIC), South Pacific Forum, Southern African Development friendship (SADC) among others. According to Mendlovitz (1966, p5) Law has too often been conceived in static basis as a system of order designed to uphold the military position quo.In any legal system, whether national, regional, or global in scope, law also has a dynamic aspect which allows it to make a persona to projects for social change. Saul Mendlovitz further states that international law to the postulated goal of a warless world with an excerpt from an article that considers how law might help us move from where we are to where we would like to be it is this gap that creates what we have called the transit problem. In this novel age, there has emerged a vas and ancien t universal conspiracy called the New World Order, which aims to unite the entire world nether one g overnment.The New World Order concept was introduced into the dictionary of the international politics after the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe (Slaughter, 2004). The creator president of the United States of America George shrub was the first who potently invoke the idea in response to the Gulf crisis. Therefore, the concept traced to 1991, when Iraq invaded capital of capital of Kuwait and when the cold war ended. According to Ismael (1994), he states that Thus, the end of the cold war and Iraqs invasion of Kuwait in August 1991 constitute the historical reference points for the concept.This suggests at least two dimensions in its meaning the end of an international order decided by the struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union and the initiation of a U. S. foreign policy philosophy based on U. S. hegemony in the international order. When president George Bush was waging a war of words with the then the president of Iraq Saddam Hussein in 1990 he demonized him and referred to his effort as an attempt to establish a fresh world order (Wells, 2008).Many were excited by the effort of Bush at first because they thought the president of the United States was promoting democracy in the region as he had done in the Eastern Europe. alas that was not to be realized as Ishmael (1994) says, Bush was determined in establishing hegemony. The region after the gulf war in Iraq and Kuwait has remained unstable politically. According to Lloyd (2002, p. 1) New world Order was a sparse creation that emerged after September 11 approaching.Lloyd states, Before 11 September, the natural (left) world order was a tentative, even fragile, creation. It emerged from new Labor in 1997 as an ethical dimension in foreign policy, announced by the then foreign secretary, Robin Cook, as a natural point of reference of the globes interdependence . The world had become a moral gathering through the media and the work of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The world was at peace before the attack on the United States to the extent that most world leaders praised the state in which the world was.Some of the people who were at the forefront of the new idea of new world order are Robert cooper and Anthony Giddens, a senior diplomat and a director of the London school of economic science respectively. Giddens was for the idea that globalization could then take place because there was a state of peace that was a recipe to one global governance. The globalization, he argued would transfer power from the nations into the global space leading to the call for the engage of regulation to guide the governance.Copper on the other hand argued that new world order will lead to a shift in value where there will be a victory of set of individual of those of state and those of market over the military ones and foreign policy will no l onger to be about war (Lloyd, 2002, p. 1). International romance creation came in to being after two attempts to organize an international coquet had failed (Mower, 1931, p. 616). Before there was, a court called The Hague imperishable approach of International Arbitration, which could not provide the much-needed justice in the international level as the current International criminal Court.Other international courts deal with different legal issues. For instance, there are courts that deal with adult male rights at the international level, which include African Court of Justice (ACJ), African Court on Human and Peoples Rights (ACHPR), European Court of Human Rights and International-American Court of Human rights. Others include International Court of Justice (ICJ), International lamentable Court (ICC), and Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), Resource materials on International Courts and Special International abominable Courts and Tribunals.According to Class Action news paper publisher (2008), there are seven special international criminal courts and tribunal, which include Extraordinary chamber in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), International miserable tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Others are Regulation 64 Panels in the Courts of Kosovo, special Courts for Sierra Leone, Special panels of the District Court of Dili (East Timor) and War Crimes Chambers (WCC) in Sarajevo- within the state court. All these international courts have well designed objective and operation guidelines.International criminal Court conventional in 1998 by Rome statute and it is the first permanent court to run into international criminal claim. The court has a role to hear characters that are regarded as most serious such as horror against humanity, war crimes and genocide (Janis, 1992). It does not deal with cases that occurred prior it its institution but only to those crimes that have been committed aft er July 1, 2002. ICC does not deal with cases that have been committed by legal entities but natural persons. It can act on cases when the cases have been referred to it by the United Nations security measures Council or with coincide of the affected state.The International Criminal Court takes up a case or jurisdiction only as the last resort when all the national avenues have been completely exhausted (Buhler & Webster, 2005). The nations have been endowed with the responsibility of international crimes but when a state is unwilling to pursue justice, delays in pursuing justice or it shows impartiality of dealing with international crimes then the ICC takes up the matter. This may also result from unavailability of proper judicial system or if the state is unable to carry out the minutes. all over one hundred nations worldwide subscribe to the Rome statute that effected the ICC exclusive of the United States of America. United States revoked the signature of the former pres ident pecker Clinton that was due to lack of checks and balance of the ICC. The ICC gives considerable rights to victims which include attending the proceeding of the court have having their concerns considered being repre displaceed by counsel and interrogating witnesses seeking monetary compensation after conviction and seeking preservation of suspect assets pending trial.The ICC has four major organs namely judicial divisions, the presidency, office of the prosecutor and the registry, which have different roles that help the court to achieve its objectives (Schafer, Verbist & Imhoos, 2005). The international courts have been able to provide effective enforcement of international legal instruments in different countries. Many countries have suffered from the art of war, which have seen many people suffer thereby depriving them of their human rights. Individuals for their own personal and selfish reasons started some of the wars that have caused suffering to citizens of the affect ed nations.Being well connected to the political order of the day most perpetrators of the crimes that lead to the abuse of human right cannot be properly persecuted in their respective countries. Other reasons that have make it possible for the perpetrators of the crime of high magnitude is the fact that most countries where such crimes are committed lack proper judicial system that is independent, impartial and ineffective. This has led to transfer of many cases to the international courts or to the ICC (Barker, 2004. )International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda is an existing testimony to the effectiveness of the International Courts. In Rwanda where the conflict started between the Tutsi and the Hutu tribes in 1994, many people belonging to the Tutsi tribe were killed in the Genocide. The total number of the Tutsi that were killed is estimated to be over five hundred deoxyguanosine monophosphate people. In response to the crime, the United Nation Security Council created the Int ernational Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in November of 1994 to prosecute crimes genocide and violation of the Geneva Convention.The ICTR is a subsidiary organ under chapter VII of the United Nations Charter of the Security Council under article 29 (Barker, 2004). International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda has unblemished over fifty trials so far and of the accused persons, 29 have been convicted of crime (Klip & Sluiter, 200). About eleven people are on trial, others delay trial, some are to be transferred to the national jurisdiction trial plot of land others are still unconfined.The first person was tried three historic period after the formation of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in 1997 and he was Jean-Paul Akayesu. Jean Kambanda also pleaded bloodguilty after wards. The tribunal has also issued arrest warrant to some suspects that are thought to have played a role or orchestrated the genocide like Kabuga Felicien. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda i ssued an international arrest warrant for Felicien in 1999 where he was aerated with complicity in genocide, genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide.The action of the international court in Rwandan genocide has achieved a lot in the nation and it has sent a clear message to the whole world. With arrest, trial and judgment of the suspects of the fateful occurrence, peace and order has been restored in Kigali because the Tutsi who were the main victim of all sorts of crime committed feel that justice has finally prevailed and cannot think of retaliate and other notions that might lead to civil war again.The action has also sent a right signal to anybody in Ruanda and all over the world that any perpetrators of such crime will not contend the long arm of justice. Therefore, in reality International Court has succeeded in pursuing justice and is in the right path of ensuring that there is a peaceful planet where the innocent are vindicated while the guilty are condemned (Klip & Sl uiter, 200).

American Indians

American Indians is a limit that is utilize to refer to bulk whose conduct Indian root but are American citizen or run low in America. This citizenship is a result of early migrations of people from their mother demean in search of greener fields in the United States. However, these people were non appreciated by indigenous Americans in the 18th century since they were seen be inferior compared to indigenous Americans. ill-judged essay 1 The colossal term study preferred by social heathen anthropologist can be the most effective in deciding whatsoever aces ending.This is because a long term study would address changes that occur in long period of meter in a society. Cultures do change with time and so along time study could be apply in solving this. This experience that is gotten in the field makes the anthropologists come into get direct-to doe with with the issues in the society and this makes them write exactly what is on the since they experience it themselves. Its worthy noning that this approach is totally different from that used by a journalist or a historian.Historians and journalists do not get into that direct contact with the society and so they do not get the material idea worry the anthropologists. Journalists historians do not dismiss much time studying the cultures of a particular society and in most cases they study or rely on the findings of other people. Short essay 2 According to Horseman the rude(a) racial semipolitical orientation of the 19th century are racial ideologies that are supported by the principles of free democratic re state-supportedanism other than innate superiority of the American Anglo-Saxon crowd of people who were of Caucasian scarper.The previous ideologies placed American Anglo-Saxons a class higher up other races and they rememberd that they were destined to bring good governance, mercenary prosperity as easy as Christianity to America and to the world at large. This meant that the other races were inferior and they were reduced to a subordinate status mishap to which they were faced with a possibility of racial extinction. This new racial political theory was very different from the earlier Euro-American view of Indians. Previously, both American and Europeans took some(prenominal)(prenominal) races to be superior to others for different reasons.These reasons included biblical theories and they followed these theories despite their inconsistencies and their contradictions since they believed that they had a special continental and world mission to accomplish as a race. Both Americans and Europeans both shared a belief in the political and individual freedoms as well as a invite for singularity in language and racial origins un same(p) the new racial ideology which advocated for free democratic republicanism. In the 19th and 20th century, these views towards American Indians did not change either since they were subject to enslavement.At this time, some(preno minal) social scientists thought that aboriginal people were inferior to the ingrained Americans and so were subject to them and they went ahead to tin the much needed scientific proof for racial distinctions. During this time also, many government officials too felt that it was the descendant of the Anglo-Saxons who played great roles in the establishment of free government and hence the justification for their superiority altitude. collect to this, the government passed policies that bound the immigrants to conform to the prevailing political, economic and social systems .These new polices from the American government led to the justification of sufferings and deaths of blacks, Mexicans and even Indians since any feelings of wicked which would come afterwards could be assuaged by assumptions of both historical and scientific inevitability. The general public also felt that Americans were the people who were destined to do work the destiny of the world and the other races wer e inferior and were doomed to permanent hyponymy or risk facing extinction. Lastly its worthy noting that the archetype of native people held by social scientists, early anthropologists, the U.S. government, and the American public are not contradictory since they seem to place them high above all the other races in all aspects of life. Short essay 3 The Indian country is today faced with an uphill task of find who consecutive Indians are and who are not. This task has not been easy since it has been adjoin by a lot of controversies. Many criterias have been proposed as the best to apply when determine who the trustworthy Indians are. First, at that place are those who believe that the true measure of how Indian ane is through the amount of Indian blood in them.This criteria has been largely criticized since some people argue that at that place no true measure of the Indian blood that is present in individual since there are people who are born of one Asian parent while th e other parent is from anther ethnic group. Secondly, there are others who believe that the true marker of a true Indian identity should be genealogy, private property and competence in civilization. This group of people argues that the true evidence of a true Indian should be based loosely on shared history among a person and other people who are known to be of an Indian background.Social ties with people from Indian or who have Indian blood in them could be acceptable as a true claim to one being an Indian. This means that one needed to trace his ancestors and prove that his roots are Indian by tracing his ancestors. Attachment to Indian culture was proposed to be criteria too for determining who true Indian was. This required soul to be aware of all cultural believes and behaviors of the Indian people. Early practices like hunting and others were argued to be very effective criteria for identifying who real Indians were.The ability to go through in traditional Indian languag e was also advocated for by the people who shared this view. This controversy in the best criteria for separating true Indians and fake ones has been a big challenge to the Indian country since there still need for identifying who the true Indians. The American government is responsible for determining whether one is an American Indian or a Native American. The blood quantum criterion is used by the American government in the administration of Indian schools and go through allotments.In census reports, this method of separating Indians and non Indians is applied. The society also can decide who a true Indian is through the application of cultural believes of indigenous Indians as well as their life styles. Scholars have not been left back tooth either and they too can use their knowledge and principles to differentiate between the two. The federal government of America uses several methods in determining whether someone is a Native American or not. Blood quantum is one of these cr iterias and it applies the idea of determining how much of American blood a person has in their body.In America, there is a settlement that is set aside for people of Indian origin. Any new person who may claim to be an Indian must have a proof of relationship with the already settled Indians in this land allocated to people of Indian backgrounds. The ability of some one to speak in Indian language and display cultural practices of Indians are acceptable by the federal government as true claims for an Indian. These criterias that are used by the government are not very different from those used by Native Americans in determining who a true Indian is.To begin with, the native communities look mostly at the cultural connection between a person and the fellowship in question. This criterion requires someone to practice Indian cultural practices and have some ties with well known Indian families. Physical appearances as well as the ability to pass around in Indian languages are used t oo. Non-native Americans on their side, identify the native ones by the kind of lifestyles they lead. The language they communicate in as well as their accent too. This identity of ones race is very important in many ways.First, its used by the federal government in allocation of many services like education and social welfare. All these efforts in trying to determine who true Indians are pits at risk the identity of persons who are of a tangled furrow because it makes them feel that they belong nowhere. All socialcultural anthropologies ideas have not offered any solution to solve this problem. People may have mixed ancestry hence making it hard to pick out their true identity. References 1. Deloria, Vine (1969) Custer Died for Your Sins an Indian Manifesto, New York Macmillan.2. Calloway, Colin G. , (1995) The American Revolution in Indian Country Crisis and renewing in Native American Communities ,Cambridge University Press 3. ODonnell, James, (1973) Southern Indians in the Am erican Revolution ,University of Tennessee Press 4. Hirschfelder, Arlene B. Byler, Mary G. & Dorris, Michael (1983) Guide to research on North American Indians, American Library Association 5. Johnston, Eric F. (2003). The Life of the Native American. Atlanta, Tradewinds Press 6. Jones, Peter N.(2005 Respect for the Ancestors American Indian Cultural tie in the American West, Boulder, CO Bauu Press 7. Nichols, Roger L. (1998) Indians in the United States & Canada, A Comparative History, University of Nebraska Press 8. Snipp, C. M. (1989). American Indians The first of this land, New York Russell discerning Foundation. 9. Sturtevant, William C. (Ed. ). (1978) Handbook of North American Indians , Smithsonian Institution 10. Tiller, Veronica E (1992) burst Indian Reservations USA A Visitors Welcome Guide. Council Publications, Denver, Colorado

A Separate Peace: Coming of Age Story

Coming-Of-Age Story component Forrester is the protagonist of a coming of age romance in many ways. First Genes shift from ignorance to fellowship is pretty apparent. An base Gene is led to the tree where he jounces the the offset causing Finny to fall. The knowledge of his evil deed and the loss of innocence because of it truely launches Gene from puerility to adulthood. Genes shift from innocence to experience can be expressed by the very same situation. Gene lost his innocence when he jounced the limb of the tree and injuring Finny because of it. He now has experience of doing sinful deeds.What drove Gene to jounce the limb was perhaps to bring Finny knock down to his own take and make the dickens equal. The very thought causes Gene to become a little less innocent and a little more devious. objet dart of coming-of-age is having the experience of the consequences of doing bad things. Gene withal experiences a shift from a false view of his human race to a correct view. In the root word of the novel Gene views his world as being confined to Devon and that the war was not going to approach him for a long time. He in short realizes that the war is coming for him whether he likes it or not.Coming-of-age also means judge the things you cannot change and trying make a positive experience come on of it. When Gene realizes that Finny made up his theory about the war because he was denied entry to all of the branches of the military, his view of the war changes. His view of the war changes also because he had found out that Leper was about to face a devolve and he abandoned his post because of it. He now views the war as a very real thing. Idealism and realism are two ideas that Gene faces through the course of the novel.In the first few chapters Gene is idealistic. He unrealistically pursues the idea that Finny resents him for his superior academic ability. We figure out though that it is Gene who resents Finny because of his athletic ability and ch arm. The idea of crippling Finny to bring him down to Genes level causes him to make Finny fall. He now faces the real effects of his actions and has to come to terms with them. He also realizes that Finny was to pure of boob to resent Gene and Gene envied this great quality. Recognizing the harshness of the realistic world is part of coming-of-age.

Quality and patient safety in USA Essay

The purpose of this phrase is to drive attention to rising progenys of eccentric palm and forbearing rubber in United States. In hostility of launching major initiatives and investing heavily in recourses to improve uncomplaining safety, there has been no signifi senst improvement in health occupy flavor in past decade1. One of the challenges in measuring caliber are developing accurate selective info system. Avoiding running(a) complications by implementing WHO checklist guidelines, good hire of computerized physician order entry and electronic health records back foster safer, high character reference fearfulness. Current state of timberland and unhurried role safety in USAAmeri ignores too often do not receive condole with that they need, or they receive superintend that engenders harm. Care can be delivered too late or without full con nerveration of a patients preferences and values. Providers frequently overuse therapies that are not know to be effecti ve, underuse therapies that are clearly recommended, and misuse therapies. At best, overuse of carry off leads to inefficiency and waste. Overuse may also threaten patient safety. Underuse represents missed opportunities to check disease or treat it effectively, and misuse may threaten patient safety and lead to additional illness, injury, or even death. In celestial latitude 1999, the institute of medicine reported that medical errors cause up to 98,000 deaths and more(prenominal) than 1 million injuries each year in the United States2.From 2001 to 2005, natural annual health care expenditure increase at a rate of 4.6 durations the rate of the increase in the summery legal community of quality of care. Annual total health care expenditures rose 6.5% (in 2005 dollars). During this time same period, quality increased at a rate of 1.4%. For center disease, cancer and diabetes individually, quality increased at a rate of 2.6%, 1.9% and 0.1% annually, respectively. Expenditures i ncreased at an annual rate of 4.4%, 9.0% and 4.9%, respectively3. Many times, our system of health caredistributes services inefficiently and unevenly across populations. Some Americans receive worse care than other Americans.These disparities may be due to differences in irritate to care, fork overr biases, poor provider-patient communication, or poor health literacy4. Disparities in quality of care are common Blacks received worse care than Whites for 41% of quality saloons. Hispanics received worse care than non-Hispanic Whites for 39% of measures. Poor citizenry received worse care than high-income people for 47% of measures4. Challenge in quality mensurationHealth care quality standard has dogged been a troublesome issue. The first hurdle is deciding what to measure and how to measure it. Once performance measure topics and technical specifications are finally concur on for a given healthcare setting, the nextand biggestproblem is get accurate, complete data livelyly enough to derive useful measurements. autochthonic review of medical records, which are still overwhelmingly paper-based records, is often the merely way to collect data with the level of clinical detail inevitable to assess care. This is extraordinarily labor intensive. Data gaps represent an area of major concern to multiple stakeholders and encompass a diverse array of data elements.Some data elements necessary to assess and improve quality of care are simply not available to those responsible for quality measurement and improvement activities both within and outside payer and/or care delivery organizations5. These data gaps are attributed to a number of different factors, including the event of data collection technology barriers to data collection legal and/or technical barriers to sharing data among multiple clinicians or organizations involved in delivering or managing the care of a patient and differing priorities among suppliers and users of the data5.Another challenge to quality measurement is to ensure the accuracy of data used to provide information about quality. Inaccurate data may result from several sources including random or inadvertent errors by data collectors, missing data, inconsistent use of definitions and criteria for inclusion, inappropriate aggregation of data, and systematic miscoding6. Improving Quality and patient safetySurgical care and its attendant complications represent a substantial commove of disease worthy of attention. Surgical complications are a considerablecause of death and disability around the world7. Data suggest that at least half of all surgical complications are avoidable8. Previous efforts to implement practices intentional to reduce surgical-site infections or anesthesia-related mishaps have been shown to reduce complications importantly8. A growing frame of evidence also links teamwork in surgery to improved outcomes, with high-functioning teams achieving significantly reduced rates of adverse events8 . Implementing the 19-item WHO safe-surgery checklist can significantly reduce surgical complications and morbidity. The checklist consists of an oral confirmation by surgical teams of the completion of the basic move for ensuring safe delivery of anesthesia, prophylaxis against infection, effective teamwork, and other essential practices in surgery8. tuition technology had consistently been identified as an important approach for health quality improvement. Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) can improve medicine safety, reduce adverse drug reactions, reduce unnecessary variation in care, and improving efficiency of care9. Widespread use of Electronic health records can transform health care. Benefits of E.H.R are accurate, up-to date, and complete information about patients, quick access to patient records for more coordinated and efficient care, more effective diagnosis, reduction in medical errors, and secure sharing of information10.One of the studies on EHR, Beacon imp lementation, done at Mount Sinai hospital in modern York was successful. Dr. Adelson Said The major takeaway from our Beacon implementation is the opportunity to unendingly improve and update treatment plans based on published interrogation and guidelines for all practitioners to follow. Ultimately, it allows us to provide higher quality, more comprehensive care to individuals by identifying the most appropriate treatment course while minimizing side effects. 11ConclusionQuality of care has become an important issue with rising health care costs over past decade. Checklist manner of WHO can reduce surgical complications and morbidity and help improving quality care. Effective use of COPE and EHR can overcome challenges in measurement of quality of care. Although costs ofCPOE and EHR are substantial in terms of technology, organisational process analysis, and system implementation, they can yield many significant benefits and provide important platform for future changes in healt hcare quality and patient safety.Citations1) Landrigan, Temporal Trends in Rates of Patient Harm Resulting from Medical Care, the impertinent England journal of medicine. 2) Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS, eds. To err is human building a safer Health system. Washington, DC National Academies Press, 1999. 3)http//www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhqr08/Chap6.htm4) http//www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhqr11/nhqr11.pdf5) http//www.ncvhs.hhs.gov/040531rp.pdf6) http//www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=6418&page=19 7) Debas HT, Gosselin R, McCord C, Thind A. Surgery. In Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., eds. Disease control priorities in developing countries. 2nd ed. Disease Control Priorities Project. Washington, DC International shore for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 20061245-60. 8) http//www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa0810119t=article 9) http//www.leapfroggroup.org/media/file/Leapfrog-AHA_FAH_CPOE_Report.pdf 10) http//www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/faqs/what-are-advant ages-electronic-health-records 11) http//www.equities.com/news/headline-story?dt=2012-12-03&val=782522&cat=hcare

Becoming an Informed Voter Essay

What is the Political History of your goern and State?Harris County in the bring up of Texas was formed in the winter of 1836, and was head start called capital of Pennsylvania County after an early settler named John Richard Harris. The name changed from Harrisburg County to Harris County in 1839. In the United States rear of Representatives, Ted Poe, a republican, currently costs my territory ( northwestern United States Harris County). John Whitmire was elected in 1983 as a populist, and he represents Northwest Harris County in the Texas Senate. There are seven major(ip) dominions that are stand for in the Texas Legislature. Over the period since initial statehood in 1845, the constituencies and ideologies of the two major parties we know today be possessed of experienced profound transformations. The republican political party didnt even exist in the United States until just forward the Civil War, and barely existed in Texas and the rest of the former Confederacy for some(prenominal) decades after Reconstruction. The elective ships company evolved from a party closely place with white racial supremacy to a coalition of groups that included African Americans and ethnic minorities, while the Republican Party slowly gained majority status as a home for social bourgeoiss. Both parties today stay economically conservative, resisting tax increases and regulations on strain, while promoting g everyplacening nourishment of business initiatives. (The University of Texas at Austin, 2009.)The Populist Party existed from the 1880s to the 1910s, and was precise significant on both the state and national levels. The Populist Party was formed to represent the interests of laborers and farmers in the 1890s, and was known for advocating the unlimited coinage of silver. Ross Perot, a Dallas billionaire, created the Reform Party in the late 1990s. The Reform party believes in the basic determine on how the government should work today. The top prioriti es that theReform party issued to the government are Setting higher ethical standards for the White category and Congress, balance the budget, Campaign and election reform, Imposing term limits, Tax system overhaul, Revisions to Medicare, Medicaid, and cordial Security plans, Revising trade and immigration policies to promote jobs in the U.S., and Lobbying reform. (Elissa Haney, 2014) otherwise parties, such as the Libertarian party and the Green party confine enjoyed the support of a thin number of devoted citizens throughout the county. Texas political finishing and ideology are well get windd by the combination of common chord main philosophical streams classical wideism, social conservatism and populism. (The University of Texas at Austin, 2009.)How have they voted in recent presidential and congressional elections? Presidential electionsDuring the 2008 presidential election, Democratic candidate Barack Obama won the majority of votes in Harris County, Texas, which inc ludes the city of Houston and surrounding communities. It was a narrow victory in Texas biggest county, with Obama winning provided 50.5% of the vote against the Republican candidate, John McCain. In the most recent presidential election of 2012, the borderline of victory was even smaller when they elected Democratic President Barack Obama with 49.39% of the vote, over his challenger, Mitt Romney, with 49.31%. However, in the statewide vote for the presidential candidates, Mitt Romney won Texas with 57.17% of the voters, and Barack Obama only got 41.38%. Even in 2008, John McCain won Texas with 56% of the voters, and Obama only got 44%.Congressional electionsIn the recent congressional elections, the majority of the district voted for Republican candidate, Ted Poe. He defeated the democratic candidate Nick Lampson by a margin of 55.5% to Lampsons 43%.Can your district or state be considered to be dis set up Republican or leaning Democratic? The major metropolitan areas of Texas, Houston, Dallas, Austin, and San Antonio, have been vote for more liberal platforms (Democratic) for a number of years now, however, the state as a upstanding has been leaning ina more conservative direction and voting Republican. States rights, the fight for the unborn and their right to conduct, and resistance to gun legislation, tend to be some of the top issues for conservative Texas voters. The last time a Democrat carried the state of Texas was in 1976, when Jimmy Carter won the Presidential election. During the 2004 presidential election, past President and Republican candidate, George W. Bush, won with 61.09% against 38.30% votes for the Democratic candidate John Kerry. However, in the more recent Presidential elections that were held in 2008 and in 2012, the very favourite Democratic candidate, Barack Obama, did not win the majority vote for Texas. Thus, looking at this information, it can be articulate that the state of Texas tends to lean more towards the Republica n side.Are the parties relatively even or does one party surmount the elections? Looking at the election results derived from Texas in the past, it can be said that the Republicans have had the upper hand over the Democratic Party in this state for quite some time, but the cities tend to be very liberal. There are currently only 12 Democratic legates and 24 Republican representatives to U.S. reside of Representatives. (Govtrack.us). Since 1846, in the state of Texas, there have been 39 Democratic governors, 5 Republican, 1 Unionist, and 1 Independent, with the Republicans holding on to that position for the past 20 years. (Texas State library and Archives Commission)Does your district have a pine tradition of supporting one party or has it been changing in recent years? The Democratic Party had a majority stronghold in my district from as far screen as March 30, 1846 until January 3, 2005, when Republican candidate, Ted Poe broke the line of Democratic succession. Today, he co ntinues to represent the Texas second Congressional zone in the United States House of Representatives. after(prenominal) the U.S Census in 2010, both Houses of the Texas Legislature introduced bills to redraw the state congressional and legislative boundaries. Due to this process, Texas gained four Congressional seats in the U.S House of Representatives, which was more than any other state. As a result of redistricting, the 2nd Congressional rule became more conservative by a small margin, whichgave Ted Poe the advantage for re-election. The demographics have in addition changed quite a bit over the past 20 years. In the 1990s, the estimated number of tidy sum in Harris County was 2,818,199. In 2010, the number rose to 4,092,459. In 2013, there are now 4,336,853 people (U.S Census records). Demographics have changed as well. In 2010, the demographics in Harris County, Texas were as followed.Anglo= 1,349,646Hispanic=1,671,540Afr-Am=754,258Asian=249,853And Other=67,162Total=4,09 2,459How did your representative and senator come to power? (Thoroughly describe their backgrounds.) Representative Ted Poe attended Abilene Christina University, where he achieved his Bachelors degree in political science. Ted Poe served in the United States Air Force militia, taught high school and college classes and earned a law degree from the University of Houston. Soon after graduation, he accepted a position as a prosecutor in Houston, Texas. (U.S. Congressman Ted Poe, 2014) In 1973, he also received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Houston Law Center. forwards entering into politics, he served in the United States Air Force Reserves C-130 unit based out of Ellington Air Force Base from 1970 to 1976. After serving in the military for 7 years he changed his life track and became a chief felony prosecutor in Harris County for about 8 years. He then was appointed a felony court judge in Harris County in 1981, making him on of the youngest judges in the state of Texas. front to serving in Congress, Ted Poe served for 22 years as a abominable court judge in Houston where he garnered national media attention for his sophisticated sentences dubbed Poetic justness. Prior to that, he served for 8 years in the Harris County District attorneys Office, where he became the chief felony prosecutor and never wooly a jury trial. (U.S. Congressman Ted Poe, 2014)Senator John Cornyn was born in Houston, Texas, and is a graduate from Trinity University with a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism. He earned hisJuris Doctor from St. Marys University School of Law in 1977. While he was serving as a Justice on the Texas Supreme Court, he was attending the University of Virginia School of Law where he achieved his passe-partout of Law degree. Cornyn was elected as a Judge for Texas 37th District Court from 1985 to 1991. He then was elected as an Associate Justice of the Texas Supreme Court, and served in that position from 1991 to 1997. In 1998, Cornyn decided he valued to occasion the Texas Attorney General, and campaigned against Barry Williamson, defeating him by a margin of 58% to 43% in the primary. In the general election, he defeated Jim Mattox, who was the former Attorney General and a U.S. Congressman. John Cornyn is only the second Republican to become an Attorney General in the State of Texas.In a long running Senate campaign that cost each candidate over $18 million dollars, Cornyn was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2002, after defeating five other candidates in the Republican Primary, as well as the Democratic candidate, Ron Kirk, by an electoral margin of ten to one. Senator Cornyn succeeded Senator Phil Gramm, also a Republican. He continues to earn the look upon from fellow Texans every year by successfully taking state policies and issues to Washington D.C. Senator Cornyn now serves as Minority Whip for the 113th Congress. He serves on the powerful Senate Finance Committee, which shares jurisdiction over health care le gislation, and the Senate terrace Committee, which questions President Obamas nominees to the Supreme Court of the United States. (Texans for Senator John Cornyn, Inc. 2014.)How do the interest groups (ADA, ACLU, ACU, CC or FRC) rate your representative and senator? Include the deal scores from each of these groups. American for Democratic Action-John Cornyn=0%Ted Poe=10%Family Research Council-John Cornyn=88%Ted Poe= light speed%Christian compact-John Cornyn=100%Ted Poe=100%American Civil Liberties Union-John Cornyn=0%Ted Poe=0%American cautious Union-John Cornyn=88%Ted Poe=88%(VoteSmart.org)Based on these ratings, would you classify your representative and senator as conservative or liberal? Justify your answer. I would say that both my senator and representative are conservative, because of the ratings from these three interest groups. The ADA and the ACLU are both liberal leaning and gave low scores. The conservative groups, ACU, FRC, and Christian Coalition all marked both men high on conservative issues. For instance, Senator Cornyn opposed President Barack Obamas health reform legislation, and he also voted against the Patient egis and Affordable Care Act (which is known to be Obama Care). In 2007, Ted Poe received a zero rating from the abortion rights group, also known as NARAL, because he is firmly pro-life (which is primarily a conservative view). He also does not support the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, calling it government run health care. (Ted Poe, 2009). I personally appreciate both my senator, and representative for Texas and Harris County, as their positions line up with my values, they understand that the government is moving in the wrong direction, and will do whatever it takes to appropriately represent the people of Texas.ReferencesStephen Witham. Becoming an Informed Voter. freedom University, 2014. Texas Politics. The University of Texas at Austin, Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services, 2009. Retrieved from http//texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/6_printable.html Barone, Michael. The Almanac of American Politics 2014. University of Chicago Press, 2013.Wilson Q. James. American Government, Brief Version. 11th ed. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 2009, 2012, 2014. Gu, Paul. Harris County History. TX Political Almanac, 2014. Retrieved from http//www.txpoliticalalmanac.com/index.php? surname=Harris_County http//www.votesmart.orgAbout John. Texans for Senator John Cornyn, Inc. 2014. Retrieved fromhttp//www.johncornyn.com/about-john/ Poe, Ted. Ted Poe, U.S. Congressman 2nd District of Texas. United States House of Representatives, 2014. Retrieved from http//poe.house.gov/index.cfm/biography Harris County, Houston County Website. Harris County History. CountyWebsite.com, Inc. 2014.http//www.thefreedictionary.com/Populist+Partyhttp//reformparty.orghttp//quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48201lk.htmlhttps//www.govtrack.us/congress/members/TXGovernors of Texas, 1846-present. Texas State Library and Archives Commission, 2014. https//www.tsl.texas.gov/ref/abouttx/governors.htmlElissa Haney. Reform School A primer on the political party founded by Ross Perot and boosted by the governorship of Jesse Venture. Pearson Education, 2000-2014. http//www.infoplease.com/spot/reformparty1.html

Interpreting The History Of Volcanoes And Volcanic Rocks Essay

Drawing from the diagram, the volcanic history is as outlined infra and other relevant details ar also supplied.1.0 Sequential heavyset of volcanic history the areaa. Andersite porphyritic rock this is the oldest. Andersite indicates magma of intermediate composition. Its silicon dioxide nub is midway between felsic rocks (having high silica marrow) and mafic rocks (having low silica content). Its brass is a dickens-step process where slow cooling occurs at the sign stage within the crust forming large crystals as a result. However, the rest magma moves further out and, as a result, cools to form a fair grained texture within which the earlier formed large crystals are embedded. This indicates a slow eruption.b. Turf grading into braccia these are pyroclastic rocks formed by hot eruption of highly viscous magma. The tuff is finer than breccia but the two are of the same occurrence of formation. The magma forces its way out shattering the border plastic rocks into ashes and block fragments. These consolidate to form tuff and breccia respectively and are in all likelihood to be felsic since high viscousity indicates a high silica contentc. Dacite porphyry this is of similar composition and formation style as andersite porphyry though it has higher silica content than andersite.d. Pumice Breccia pumice is fine textured, filled with porous holes containing gases that were confine within the forming magma at the attempt of eruption. The gases subsequent escapes to form a light, porous glassy rock. The breccia was likely to have resulted from the shattering of the rocks as the magma erupts out. Pumice is light colured which indicates a felsic composition (felsic rocks are lightly coloured than mafic rocks)e. Polymictic breccia this indicates a mixture of breccia of varying silica content which indicates the onset of the formation of an interrupting basaltic formation which is to follow after. However, the mode of formation is even so violent.f. Ba salt with rough blacky top this is a fine grained mafic rock. The rough top indicates that the forming magma was mildly erupted and the viscosity low enough to cause the included gas to that escape leaving the ripple spaces at the top.g. Andersite this has been seen as of intermediate silica composition. The absence of porphyritic material may indicate a slight quiet eruption.h. Obsidian with pumice streak the youngest rock obsidian resembles pumice but without the bubble holes. The presence of pumice streak indicates violent eruption since some of the gases were trapped as a result of the violence. It is felsic.2.0 Since the last eruption is about 19 years earlier (the age of the youngest layer), the volcano is still active. The earthquakes and the likes are likely pointers to another volcanic eruption. So evacuation is imminent.3.0 This is an example of a abstruse or cinder-cone volcano. The seldom occurrence of pyroclastic materials and rocks of intermediate composition sugge sts this. These, in rise to power to the fact that the rocks are from highly viscous magma, also suggests that the volcano is fit(p) at a volcanic arc.

The main idea that runs through Christianity is that everybody should be treated equally

The main idea that runs through Christianity is that everybody should be handle fitly. This is shown when Jesus give tongue to Love ane another, as I know loved you, so you must love unity another, (John 13). This means that you should the the give cares ofs of everybody as Jesus did and so one-sided people should not be hated. To any Christian this shows that everyone should get on with one another as Jesus did, nobody is different in any physical division whether they are black or any other different scat in the eyes of god they should still be loved. In multiplication 127 it ordains that God created hu human being beings, making them to be uniform himself. So as we are homogeneous God we should negotiate one another as god would. Therefore again showing that we should treat everyone equally including different races etc as God would.A key full stop towards the Christian views to racism is written in James 28-9 where it states one should love people for what they ar e not what they look the likes of. So a Coloured person whitethorn have a good personalisedity, which you should like that person for, but you should not hate that person because of that persons appearance.Another organise which comes across in Matthew 538-40 is one which would be very troublesome to practise in a modern day society, as it is ingrained when somebody hits you for you to hit them back. Jesus in this passage is trying to avow ignore those who harm you if anyone slam-bangs you on your left cheek let him slap you on your right cheek. This is a statement for the oppressed i.e. like washy people were. It is an ideal ethic and Christians believe we should aim for it, but in this modern day world it is extremely difficult to achieve. Gandhi used this greatly to his advantage in India, which was occupied by the British, and it worked.Throughout these passages in the tidings it is proven what Christian views should be towards strained peopleLove them like you love you rselfJudge them upon in that location character not what they look likeAnd even if they are your enemy you should still treat them well.Where Martin Luther king was natural was born slavery had been abolished in 1865 but segregation continued. Negroes were rated as subordinate and insecure by the discolours, they were discriminated against, intimidated, people were prejudice towards them, much of the white race were racist and the Blacks tried to fight for equal rights. Martin Luther king was Christian and when relations with the problems the blacks faced this was a key itemor. When queer went to university a person of the flesh Gandhi impressed him. This was due to the fact of his un-violent disagrees, which turned out to be a very strong political weapon, and in its whole the use of un-violent resist led to the independence of India. This also related to Kings Christian beliefs, if someone hits you on the right cheek let him or her hit you on the left. In 1954 he became a Baptist minister. He first went to capital of Alabama, Alabama.On December 5, 1955, cinque days after Montgomery civilized rights activist Rosa place refused to obey the citys rules mandating segregation on buses, black residents launched a bus boycott and elected King as president of the newly formed Montgomery Improvement Association. King was very much for this as it was a non-violent protest and the authorities could do nothing about it immediately as the coloured community were doing nothing aggressive and wrong, in essence they were following the bureau of the countersign and Christian views. As the boycott continued during 1956, King gained guinea pig importance as a result of his exceptional oratorical skills and personal courage. His house was bombed and he was convicted along with other boycott leaders on charges of conspiring to interfere with the bus companys operations. besides because of his Christian believes he refrained form crook to violence and he foll owed the bible degrading people who were aggressive and he refrained from fighting back. The boycott ended in 1956 with a mandate from the dictatorial Court outlawing all segregated public transport in the city.During the natural spring of 1963, he and his staff guided mass demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama, where local white patrol officials were known from their anti-black attitudes. The protesters acted peacefully under(a) Martin Luther kings guidance. Clashes between black demonstrators and police using police dogs and fire hoses generated newspaper headlines through the world. alone whenever they came under attack they would kneel and prey. In June, President Kennedy reacted to the Birmingham protests and the obstinacy of segregationist.King and other civil rights leaders then organised a great march in Washington, D.C. On Aug. 28, 1963, over 200,000 Ameri wads, including many a(prenominal) whites, gathered at the Lincoln Memorial in the capital.The high point of the rally was Kings aspiration I Have a Dream speech, which eloquently defined the moralistic basis of the civil rights movement. The moral basis of this was based greatly on Christian views. That of which states everyone is equal and also no black is inferior to a white person as so in the bible. As Luther said in his speech all men are created equal.The civilised Rights Act of 1964 prohibited racial discrimination in public places and called for equal opportunity in employment and education. King later received the 1964 Nobel placidity Prize.During the 1965 Selma to Montgomery march, King and his lieutenants were able to keep intra-movement conflicts sufficiently under chasten to bring about passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968, while seeking to assist a garbage workers strike in Memphis. After his death, King remained a controversial symbol of the Afri shadower-American civil rights struggle.Throughout Kings life of protesting he incessant ly tried to use non-violent methods. In 1955 he said these following words we have no filling but to protest. There volition be no threats from bullying. Love will be our ideal. Love your enemies, bless them, and pray for them. Let no man pull you so low as to make you hate him. over again King always followed his Christian routes making sure he always carried out non-violent protests, loved his enemies and taking whatever the enemy through at him, making him a true Christian.First of all I would like to address the fact of why people may find it in their hearts to be racist. Around a hundred years past Coloured people were handle like they were insignificant and less crucial than whites due to their skin colour in many areas of the world, for instance England. integrity of the factors in the hatred of coloured people was that everyone else was doing it so you would be the quaint one out if you didnt do it. This is better known as compeer pressure, where the mass go the res t will follow. Just this fact was one of the key influences. Also some people felt that if the whites stop mall treating the blacks the blacks would turn back on the whites and ruin them. So they simply kept on treating the blacks like they had always done and how they had been brought up to do.But then you should also ask the question why people didnt do it. It was generally because of their religions, which they followed strictly, stating that all men are equal and that you should treat your live how you would wish to be treated. Also some people felt spoilt for the Blacks and wanted to help.So after all those years of hatred for the blacks many people would ask what was gained. Somebody from the Ku Kluck Klan may say that it terrorised the blacks and put them in their rightful place. Where as the majority now a days would say it was a pointless waste of lives and terribly unjust, people should be treated by means of their character, not by their appearance whatever that may be .I think that nobody on earth has the right to be racist in any shape or form. But there is a certain place where I draw the line. Jokes for instance can often be directed at another persons nationality or colour and the person who is the victim of the joke may often find it funny. But to be racist I think it can be a deeply offensive joke or much worse than a joke, hatred for one. Surely people shouldnt be racist it says in the bible to love one another, to judge people on their characters and not on their appearance and to even love your enemies. On top of this racism is terrible, it can ruins peoples lives, lead to death and leave whole countries in uproar. What is the point in it? I find it totally pointless and also morally unimaginable in the modern world were we should treat everyone equally no matter of their appearance.

Discuss the staging of Act 1 Scene 4 and Act 5 Scene 3 Essay

Macbeth was written in 1606 for the current nance James I. 1606 was in the Jacobean bound, a time when people believed in the Divine Right of queen regnants. This is the belief that immense powers were chosen by God. They also believed that the slash possible crime was to kill a female monarch and this would result in being dammed to hell. They also believed in the Great bowed stringed instrument of Being, the magnificence of beings from highest to lowest. At the top was God and below him were the different positions held by Angels. at a lower posterior Angels, the King was positioned supra all other human beings. Because of this the King was wedded the title Gods Deputy On Earth. During the Jacobean period there was also a strong belief in witchcraft this being present in the play greatly intrigued the auditory sense.Act 1 scene 4 and phone number 5 scene 3 two channelize examples of Kingship. The Kingship exposen in these two scenes are in truth different. In dis tinguish to understand these differences we must focus on the way in which the scenes are staged and the audiences judgements generated by the script.Duncan is a very hygienic respected and admired King. The people of Scotland admire and bow down to him, as they believe he is a good ruler. Duncan praises and rewards those who do well to him. He congratulates Macbeth in winning the battle against Norway and promotes him to Thane of Cawdor. Its ironic how Duncans two just intimately trusted companions betray him. Macbeth had gained the title Thane of Cawdor off the previous traitor that sullen against Duncan and fought for Norway. Duncan actually believes in loyalty and trust. This implies that Duncan is an extremely confident man. When he walks into a room, he knows people are watching him and this does not bother him.Macbeth rules very differently to Duncan. After killing Duncan, Macbeth begins to fear that this could easily happen to him. Macbeth does not praise those who do well, but punishes those who do bad or evening nothing. If he feels they may be a threat to him he leave behind immediately take subprogramion and eliminate them. Macbeth has no loyal friends, solely scared servants that do what they are commanded, fearing for their lives.The first scene shows Duncan as King surrounded by his loyal company, whereas the second scene shows Macbeth as King without the company of anyone except his servants which are treated with very little respect. In both of these processs the Kings are presentationed in the same room of the castle. In act 1 scene 1, Duncan is informed intimately the death of Thane of Cawdor who is found to be a traitor and sentenced to death. The atmosphere presented is shameful but Duncan knows that the decision he made was right.In act 5 scene 3 Macbeth hears that the side of meat army is heading for the castle. He also finds out the unstable form of his wife. He jokes to the doctor and asks what the condition of the countr y is. The doctor replies very aboveboard saying that he would want to be as far aside from Dunsinane as possible. In this scene Macbeth realizes that he will never be the King that Duncan was, he can see that the honor he receives is only from the mouth and not from the heart.To show the different views from apiece scene I would present them similar to each other, as this would allow the audience to differentiate and look at a connection between the scenes more(prenominal) clearly. In act 1 scene 4 I would arrange the characters in redact to show their status. I would place Duncan in center stage and pay sure that he is the main focus. In order to enhance this judgement his position on stage must be raised above others. I would stick out his loyal accompanists by his side.By doing this it would create the disposition that Duncan is a man of high status and respected and honored as a King. To create a connection between the two scenes I would place Macbeth in the same pos ition as Duncan in act 5 scene 3. Duncans counterbalanceion to the betrayal and sentenced execution to the at one time loyal Thane of Cawdor should be very calm. He could also show a slight sadness by shedding a tear, this would show the audience that Duncan is shocked and upset by the acts of mistrust. Macbeth is faced with a similar post in which could endanger his position as King, I would make him react violently and irritated.To create an obvious link between the tow scenes I would use a large throne as a distinctive prop. This throne would be grand and covered in red velvet. In act 1 scene 4 I would relieve oneself Duncan development this throne in a proper manner, sitting up neat and proudly, where as I would have Macbeth slouching with one leg on an armrest. By using this prop it would display their differences in Kingship.In act 1 scene 4 Macbeth displays his loyalty towards Duncan by crying out O worthiest cousin as Macbeth and Banquo approach. As he says this line I would make him have his arms wide open reaching out towards Macbeth. In line 31 Duncan says let me infold thee and hold thee to my heart. On this line I would make Macbeth kneel down and kiss Duncans ring. Rings were worn by Kings as symbols of their positions. Kissing this ring would show Macbeths respect towards Duncan.In part 3 of act 5, line 11, a servant informs Macbeth about the English armys approach towards the castle. Macbeth is worried, he shows great rudeness towards the servant by ad joging to him with thou cream-facd loon. Whilst Macbeth says this line I would make him use violence towards the servant, hitting or shaking him. This would show an evil and uncaring King that is simply using his status to place himself above everyone else. Towards the end of this scene a doctor talks to Macbeth about the condition of his wife. Macbeth looks down to the doctor even though the doctor knows more about his wife than he does.Macbeth often reassures himself by referring back t o the witches prophecies, firearm he does this I would have him pacing back and forth. The witches never told Macbeth what to do they simply predicted the future and left it in the hands of Macbeth. This raises the idea that Macbeth baron not have been King if he did not kill Duncan, or he could have become King at a afterwards date from the natural death of Duncan.Dressing both of the Kings in each scene differently can compare their differences in personality. I would dress Duncan in a large pure white robe to show his clear conscience. I would also adorn him with gold jewelry to display his high status. Macbeth would be dressed very differently I would have him in more common clothing in the colour coloured. This black would show the evil hidden indoors him. This evil side is suggested when peeress Macbeth describes Macbeth as looking like the innocent yet being the snake in the grass under.By using different lighting I would be able to display what the Kings are feeling in each scene. In act 1 scene 4 I would use an orange light, this would create a feeling of warmth, as Duncan is kind, caring and in great company. In act 5 scene 3 I would have a blue light, this will give the scene a cold, asinine and negative feel.All of these stage techniques would enable the audience to compare and business line the two scenes of Kingship. If these were not used it would make the story harder to understand, hidden within Shakespeares script.In both of these scenes the Kings received high amounts of respect whether it was truly from the heart or falsely from the mouth. Macbeth was seen to be simply an unfit King by those who knew him closely as apposed to a bad King. This is because in the Jacobean period, whomever becomes King, has been elected by God, God being the top of the Great Chain of Beings. Back then Gods opinion meant everything, and could fix peoples opinion on a bad King.

View of Love and Sex in “Wuthering Heights”

Wuthering Heights accurately reflects many of the attitudes associated with slam and agitate in the twee Era. With reference to appropriately selected parts of the novel and applicable external, contextual information on overnice attitudes to sack out and inner practice, give your retort to the above view. The Victorian era when Wuthering Heights was written and first promulgated was a time when live and romance and true emotion were the antithesis of conditions to get hitched with. familiar love was frowned upon greatly and no woman should ever go had sex outside of sexual union. Sex was something that was solely for procreating and cypher else.Although, it was considered that a man could not control his animal instincts and so if he had sex outside of nuptials of ever cheated on his wife, it would not damage his social desirability or impair his reputation on society. Marriage in Victorian clock was for a place in high society and financial stableness and children. This is shown in Wuthering Heights when Cathy marries Edgar Linton instead of Heathcliff because she knows it would degrade her to marry Heathcliff. This is also in truth common in Victorian times people were not to marry below their own class. They would marry above or in the similar class as themselves.Victorian literature ever so focused on idealised representation of people who use work hard, perseverance and love to win out in the end. Good deeds will always be rewarded and wrongdoers will be punished. every novels were very moralistic and usu exclusivelyy had a nigh social message or comment on society, for example, Oliver Twist. Victorian novels tended to be melodramatic, including features much(prenominal) as pathetic fallacy, exaggerated emotions, primitive passion and unrealistic characters. Victorian novels atomic number 18 also very long, with very much of characters, plots and intertwining sub plots.Wuthering Heights is very unalike from this in that it is se t in a very isolated scene with a small go of characters. The birth between Cathy and Heathcliff completely defies everything that was typical about a Victorian real-life relationship and the relationships in novels. They sh are such extreme passion and love for each other that shocked everyone who read in and the contemporary critics such as H. F. Chorley, who said the novel was disagreeable and seem to affect afflictive and exceptional subjects. The Atlas also said that each chapter seems to affect awing and exceptional subjects.People didnt sympathise how a woman could understand and write so convincingly about something that she couldnt possibly have experienced. Victorians were not allowed to spend any time alone with their partners until their engagement was authorised and flush then they were and allowed to hold hands and were not to be alone unneurotic after midnight. Cathy and Heathcliff had grown up together and slept together as children and spent a lot of time alone in the moors and this was not accepted easily. Wild passion is a major radical in Wuthering Heights.The relationship between Cathy and Heathcliff is haunting and powerful and from the very prick we can see the intensity of their feeling towards each other. There are various parts of this novel which make us certain that nothing could ever come between Cathy and Heathcliff. Cathy confesses her love for Heathcliff so passionately and sincerely, I love him, not because hes handsome, Nelly, but because whatever someones are made of his and mine are the same. The reference to the souls shows that it is not physically love that they share but, even after termination, their souls will until now be as one and together. Nelly, I am Heathcliff, they are the same person and even when Cathy dies she knows she will still be alive through Heathcliff. It is not physical, sexual desire that causes them to need each other, even though Cathys death destroys Heathcliff, but kind of a spiri tual force which connects them together. This is also showed when Heathcliff says Oh, divinity fudge It is unutterable I cannot live without my life I cannot live without my soul There are also other love relationships to explore passim Wuthering Heights, one of them being the relationship of Edgar Linton and Cathy.The relationship between the two is the fill opposite of that of Cathy and Heathcliff. Their marriage is of convenience to Cathy although Linton does adore Cathy very much. Cathy has typical reason to marry Edgar such as, hes handsome and pleasant to be with he is young and cheerful he will be rich, and I shall be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood. At the time of the novel these were all perfectly acceptable reasons for wanting to marry someone and these were not things the Heathcliff could depict Cathy with.Cathy explains her conflicting emotions between Edgar and Heathcliff as, moonbeam from lightning, or frost form fire. Cathy and Edgar marriage is very Victorian, very typical and very acceptable, love was not a necessity. Although we can tell Edgar loves Cathy and that it means something in its own way, it is still only a mere affair next to the wild, uncontrolled passion of Cathy and Heathcliff. All of this leads me to say, no, Wuthering Heights does not reflect the attitudes of love and sex in Victorian times.Cathy and Edgars relationship defiantly does but it is not the main relationship in the novel and even so, Cathy, as a married woman still loves Heathcliff and spends time alone with him and this is not typical of a Victorian relationship as women practically belonged to their husbands and this is not the case here. This novel is completely different from other novels of its time as it doesnt have a moral, the good are not rewarded and the bad are not punished and on that point was no social message, it has no defined place in literature.

Business Law: Man U Break Clause Rooney Essay

Manchester united Footballer Wayne Rooney signs new mash worth 30 million. Discuss the essentials of such a swerve with particular advert to the function and efficacy of the become flat clause and confidentiality arrangement it contains.1,500 words.Guidance You do not confine to discuss Waynes actual contract you do have to discuss the essentials of a contract.You moldiness discuss present terms.What is a intercept clause? What is a confidentially agreement? What is the purpose of such clauses?Do they protect the parties to the contract?Do not forget to course credit case law.The issue that ordain be discussed in this essay is the break clause/exemption and confidentiality agreement with regards to Wayne Rooneys contract with Manchester get together. An exemption clause, alike(p) any new(prenominal) term, go forth be incorporated into a contract if it is contained in a signed document this was sh consume in the case of LEstrange v Graucob (1934) where the purchaser of a vending machine was natural spring by a very wide exemption clause contained in the small print on the order form which she had signed. A break clause is a term in a tenancy agreement that allows a tenant to leave before the tenancy terminus comes to an end, without incur any financial penalty. It is not unusual for a contract clause regarding proprietary information to also be included in galore(postnominal) types of agreements. Break clauses atomic number 18 inserted as standard in contracts in Spanish football, and are generally related to the total w get alongs the participant will earn throughout his contract.The insertion of a break clause gives the player (Rooney) the freedom to move if his valuation is met, but it also protects the club against players who separate out to force cut-price deals. In terms of Wayne Rooney and Manchester United FC, Wayne Rooney is thought to have negotiated a break clause in his new five-year contract with Manchester United says an art icle in the Times. The striker can leave for as little(a) as 30million if certain targets are not met on a year-by-year basis. Article 17 of the FIFA Transfer Regulations states that players can unilaterally remove their contract with their club after a certain defend termination has expired if an amount of compensation is paid to their original club. For players over the age of 28 the protected period for their contract is dickens years, meaning they will be able to unilaterally terminate their contract when they are two years into it.This rule applies to footballers under the age of 28. Rooney is 24 and therefore his protected period for contract is cardinal years, meaning he will be able to unilaterally terminate his contract once he is three years into it however Rooney is not bound by this because he has his own break clause within his own contract that allows him to leave at any time if he is offered a minimum of 30 million. many contracts have what is known as a confid entiality agreement, this is a written well-grounded contract among an employer and employee. The confidentiality agreement lays out back terms and conditions of which veto Wayne Rooney from disclosing company confidentials on Manchester United.The purpose of a confidentiality contract is that it creates certainty, establishes a contractual obligation, ensures enforcement and supports a claim under general law because it creates the relationship of assumption that is the basis of many claims and it sets out in dot the conduct which the disclosing political party expects from the recipient). A confidentiality agreement is in effect for the duration of an employees commerce and for a period of time following employment termination of which is the period of 5 years in this case. In the following case by Seager Limited v Copydex Limited 1967 2 All ER 415, manufacturer Denning MR established the principle that even if you do not have a confidentiality agreement in place, under e quity law a soulfulness who has received information in confidence cannot take unfair benefit of it. That someone must not make use of it to the prejudice of the person who gave it without obtaining his or her consent.A contract is an agreement between two or more parties. A contract is defined as, an agreement make between two or more persons or entities with specific terms made between two or more persons or companies promising to do something in return for money or moneys worth. A contract begins with an offer. The offer is an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms. It allows the new(prenominal) party to accept the offer and raises the basis of the agreement. To be effective, an offer must be communicated, this is to say that there cannot be acceptance of an offer without knowledge of it. A valid contract requires an agreement an intention to create lawful relations as shown in the case of Balfour v. Balfour 1919 2 K.B. 571, here the courts name that both parties must intend that an agreement be legally binding in order to be an enforceable contract and consideration (unless the film is made by deed).Whilst each of these three requirements receives separate treatment, they must in reality be looked at together. The rights and duties of both employers and employees are to be set up in the contract of employment, they are referred to as terms of a contract. both(prenominal) of these terms are express terms that is they are expressly or specifically stated, either orally, say at the initial interview, or in writing. Express terms include things like pay, hours and holidays. The law states that certain express terms must be put in writing and hand to the employee in the form of a written statement of particulars within 8 weeks of starting work. There are other contractual terms called implied terms. These are not expressly or explicitly stated because, in the main, they are fairly obvious to both parties to the contract of employment . Occasionally the courts will demand a term in a contract of employment where an heavy term has been left out.Implied terms include statutory rights, such as the right to equal pay and duties such as a tariff of care. Each contract clause contained within an agreement is aimed at be the rights, privileges, and commitments that each party has determined represent the terms govern their work relationship. This is the purpose of such clauses. For example, in this football employment contract, Manchester United agrees to bear Wayne Rooney with a specific set of benefits, such as salary, health insurance, a retirement plan, a football team transfer and any other benefit that both parties have agreed is necessary. At the same time, the contract will contain clauses that determine the range of services that Rooney will provide in exchange for these benefits. The idea is to include as much detail as possible, so that there is very little room for mistake of what is expected of each party.

Marx, Weber, and Rousseau

The establish ment of l have hostel is tied closely to the plebeian line of aspect expressed by late thinkers like Marx, weber, and Rousseau. These men some(prenominal) had mingled ideas in regards to the formation of newfangled smart set, scarce they all addressed certain founts of that developing. They all focused their studies on gentle gentle creation disposition and specifically, how humans beings came to live step to the fore some of the goofy ideas that atomic number 18 straight focusadays commonplace. Among those was the important premise of private stead.Modern human society places a cracking deal of importance on gaining intimacys and this is something that is certainly non new. In incident, it has been around since very early on. Even more than important than the actual possessions is the actual strife to gain these things, which human beings seem to become great solace in. The all overriding characteristics of modern human society can be c losely tied to the theories presented by these famed thinkers. They hold similar ideas on how society developed as a take of the acquisition of face-to-face attribute, and from those ideas, wizardness can quick gather insight ab reveal the overall development of modern society.Marx had his own ideas on private station that generate become something of a resource guide for new(prenominal) thinkers and government formers alike. Karl Marx is a highly misunderstood figure among the American public, because most battalion are quick to associate him and his ideas to communist archetypes. Even though many of his theories were in the end used to found communist nations, it cannot be denied that Marx was a brilliant frugal expert and well rounded thinker. Marx had his own particular opinions on face-to-faceised office and the accumulation of wealth and he was not shy about share those ideas with other lot.Marx found capitalistic society to be something that was destined to commence around for a few reasons. In his belles-lettres, he indicated the price based argument in business would force small businesses out of the mix and would at last lead to lower wages for passel, as big business fudges the activity. Marx was not completely right about a lot of his theories in regards to modern society, but he did hit the nail on the head on a few things. Marx had strong feelings on the issue of private property as it relates to the development of a society.He was al agencys of the opinion that human nature was a drastically shifting thing, but it stood strong on a few different foundations. pitying beings might multifariousness their feelings on a lot of things, but according to Karl Marx, they would never stop with the strain to mesh hard for their possessions. Work, to Marx, was a much(prenominal) more important aspect of societys underlying nature than the actual possessions that come as a result of that spirt. That is why much of Marxism is b ased upon the theory of track down. lot in society can not survive without it, even if they stick out the possessions that they desire.According to Marxism, people pull up stakes incessantly want to acquire more things than they already shake off. That is why work is so important to the development of society, in addition to acquiring things in society. Though Marx and fellow thinker guck Webber do not completely agree on the issue of personal property, they do share many of the same underlying beliefs on its mapping in the development of modern society as it is known today. spell Karl Marx held onto the belief that possessions were not the end all for people in modern society, Max Weber felt potently that they were an important part of what he referred to as The Spirit of Capitalism. Anyone who has studied the thoughts of Max Weber knows that much of his theory is based upon religious things. To him, they mutationed an important role in the do of modern society in addit ion to the economic factors that were so prevalent.That creates a very arouse paradox in his line of idea. Most of the time, the credit line of material possessions did not go along with the pursuit of religious purity, but that thinking had to revision when modern society was considered. People, on the whole, could pursue both things and they did that in modern society. The Spirit of Capitalism is the most important ideal in Webers book and it possesses the underlying premise of a pursuit. People did not but desire the goods and the economic wealth they coveted the pursuit of such ventures. That particular wording of the theory brings it closer in line to what Karl Marx wrote about in his literature. It is interesting to consider that over time, Webers theory evolves from what he originally thought.As he becomes much deeper in his re face of certain aspects of capitalistic society, he understands that religion does play a role in forming how people go after their economic goals, but it is not the only thing. Overriding that religious aspiration is the fact that modern society is a highly competitive place that go away chew up people and spit them out if they are not careful. At some point, instinct takes over and individuals have to look out for their own good as opposed to doing the right thing and retentivity with Protestant values piece going after economic gains.An interesting comparison can be drawn between Weber and Marx when one considers their theory on the development of the modern world and how material possessions vie a role in that. According to Weber, the most important way that possessions had an impact was that they caused people to do things that they normally would not do. Weber thought that the desire to work for material possessions took people completely out of their element. In a way, society changed the way that people worked and the way that people dealt with their friends and their family. gentlemans gentleman beings, by n ature, only want to do just enough to get by and just enough to have the things that they need. When personal possessions are out in that location to be had, people change their ways, though. Marx believed this to be true, as well, though he does not apply the basic religious principles in his thinking that Max Weber is so quick to apply. On the other hand, Marx always held on to the idea that material possessions changed the way people viewed the world. When faced with the fortune of having to deem ones own success in a capitalist society, people had the tendency to change their world view and make it meet their current situation.For some, this created a false sense of security and a false sense of reality. When people have their world view flipped on its head, it changes the way that they deal with other people and it changes the way that they make decisions in forming a society. Marx enjoyed arguing that Capitalism and the desire for possessions changed the way governments oper ated and the way that nations were formed. This basic premise is not wrong, as it has certainly bared itself true in many situations over the last one hundred years and change. some other important economic thinker that cannot be left out of the par is Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He was a man who liked to come up with theories on the basic inner workings of human beings and how they think at a most basic state. His early research was on this fact and later, he came to develop ideas on the development of society. Rousseau makes a point in piece of musics to analyze the role that personal property had on the development of human beings and as such, the development of modern society on the whole. In the beginning, man was content to operate on two basic premises.Human beings would do enough to ensure self-preservation and they would ultimately operate as a result of pity. Those were two basic ideas that eventually had to change as human beings conditioned to live together in a modern soci ety. Then thither was something different introduced into modern society. Someone decided that human beings must take possession of land and other things in society, as the entire high-power had to change. All of a sudden, the things that were required for basic survival of human beings went from being just air, food, and water to being much more complicated than that. In fact, people had to learn to work in battle array to keep up with others in society and get the possessions that they learned to covet.That was not the whole of it, though. Human beings not only had to learn to love work in order to brook themselves personally, they also had to learn to do enough work to sustain the whole body of society. This is an important idea and an important aspect of work that thinkers like Marx and Weber also kept in mind when they were writing down their particular policies.For Jean-Jacques Rousseau, people were not the only ones who were forced to change as a result of the introduction of private property into the equation. beau monde as a whole had to change to allow for the differences between human beings. Society became much more regimented and things became much more complicated than they had ever been before possessions played a role. In the early old age of human society, the biggest and strongest individuals did all of the talking because they had all of the power. Now that possessions were necessary for survival, work became just as necessary. As Marx had mentioned in his writings, the desire to gain possessions was just as important as the material possessions themselves. Therefore, the smart and the shifty were now the people who were put into control.They instantly became more important than the strong ethnic music that used to have complete control over society. That created a society that was broken down into two parts. The society that comes about as a result of private property is one that has a distinct fork system. There are the haves and the have nots. Those with the land, money, and possessions are the ones who can impose their will on the people who are not lucky enough to have this type of control.According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, it takes the rich people with the possessions a little while to figure out that they have such power, but when they do, the results are close to catastrophic to society as a whole. The moral implications of this type of control are also worth keeping in mind. For the first time, people with the good things in life do their best to start deceiving the people without property. This is the first time that society begins to eat itself alive for the sake of personal property gain.For all three of these theorists, the connection between personal property and human inequality is a strong one. As mentioned before, Rousseau felt that when personal property became important for human society, people began to establish classes and the smart took over where the strong had once been in control. He f elt very strongly that personal property was the cause of many of the ills of society that had not originally been in place when society was first being formed. Marx, on the other hand, did not have this strong of a feeling on the military issue because his research and his theories were mostly based upon economic principles.He did feel that capitalist economy was destined to fail because the system would eventually collapse upon itself. Instead of people simply doing enough work for their own personal survival, people started doing work to gain more things than the person next to them. This important theme is one that turned society into a cut throat one. There was now a desire for people to get ahead of their neighbor when there was no other reason to do so. Max Weber understands that the search for new possessions and the ability to work for those things is an extremely important part of the development of society.Human nature is always shifting, so this was just one thing that eventually caused people to compete with one another. In one sense, it was derail to happen, but the creation of a class system happened more quickly because work and possessions came about in the newly forming society.The development of human society cannot be considered without also looking at the development of personal property and work. As Weber, Marx, and Rousseau brought to light in their research, society took a turn when personal property was introduced into the equation. Some felt that this change was for the worst, while others felt that the change was for the good, but it cannot be argued that personal property did nothing to the formation of modern society.When people realized that work and personal property were things that they had to do in order to survive, they began to work just as hard as they ate and just as hard as they breathed. Human nature is such that people will do whatever it takes to survive. That survival moved to intromit work and because of that, mod ern society changed in a profound way that no one could easily escape.